Historisitas Hukum Islam Era Kekhalifahan Bani Abbasiyah (Masa Keemasan): Setting Sosial Dan Politik Serta Implikasinya Terhadap Perkembangan Hukum Islam

Abstract

This article explores the essence of Islamic Law through a philosophical
approach, focusing on scholarly debates about the source, methodology, and purpose
of the law. Using literature study and content analysis methods, this study explores
various schools of thought such as textualism, rationalism, and contextualism, as well
as the arguments behind their differing views. The findings show that Islamic Law is
not only understood as a set of norms, but also as a system rooted in philosophical
values, which aims to realize the benefit of humanity.
This study emphasizes the relevance of a deep understanding of the essence of
Islamic Law in the context of complex modern society. Adaptation and
reinterpretation of the law, by maintaining a balance between religious principles and
socio-cultural changes, is considered important. This article argues that the Maqashid
Shariah, which is the purpose of protecting religion, soul, intellect, descent, and
property, is the essence of Islamic Law. It is hoped that this article can contribute to
the development of academic discourse on Islamic legal philosophy.